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country & survey date survey reports and other material Armenia, Oct 2001 contact details brief survey notes Bolivia, Oct 2008 contact details survey report (Spanish) Brazil, May 2007 contact details article Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Oct 2001 contact details brief survey notes Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul State, Nov 2008 contact details survery report Burkina Faso, Jul 2009 contact details summary (English) survey report (French) Cameroon, May 2002 contact details brief survey notes Chad, May 2004 contact details brief survey notes survey report pharmaceutical sector profile summary survey report (in French only) China, Shaanxi Province, Mar 2012 contact details survey report China, Shaanxi Province, Sep 2010 contact details survey report China, Shandong Province, Nov 2004 contact details survey report presentation survey summary report survey on medicine knowledge China, Shanghai, Sep 2006 contact details survey report survey summary report Colombia, Oct 2008 contact details survey report (Spanish) Congo, Jun 2007 contact details survey report (French) Democratic Republic of the Congo, Jul 2007 contact details survey report Ecuador, Oct 2008 contact details survey report (Spanish) El Salvador, Nov 2006 contact details addendum survey report Ethiopia, Sep 2004 contact details survey summary report survey report Fiji, Sep 2004 contact details brief survey notes survey report Ghana, Oct 2004 contact details survey report survey summary report Ghana, May 2002 contact details brief survey notes Haiti, Aug 2011 contact details survey report India, Chennai, Oct 2004 contact details India, Haryana, Oct 2004 contact details India, Karnataka, Nov 2004 contact details India, Maharashtra (12 districts), Oct 2004 contact details India, Maharashtra (4 regions), Jan 2005 contact details survey report India, NCT Delhi, Jul 2011 contact details survey report India, Rajasthan, Apr 2003 contact details brief survey notes survey report India, West Bengal, Dec 2004 contact details survey report Indonesia, Aug 2004 contact details survey report survey summary report presentation Iran, Dec 2007 contact details summary survey report Jordan, Aug 2009 contact details survey in progress Jordan, May 2004 contact details survey report July 2009: call to abolish sales tax on medicines summary report Dec 2008: medicine pricing policies workshop Kazakhstan, Nov 2004 contact details survey report Kenya, Nov 2004 contact details monitoring report: Apr 2006 monitoring report: Jan 2007 monitoring report: Oct 2006 survey summary report addendum survey report national pharmaceutical sector form Kenya, Nov 2001 contact details brief survey notes Kuwait, Jun 2004 contact details survey report presentation addendum survey summary report Kyrgyzstan, Feb 2005 contact details presentation (Russian) presentation (English) survey summary report (English) survey summary report (Russian) survey report Lebanon, Feb 2004 contact details brief survey notes survey report Dec 2005: pricing policy reforms presentation Malawi, Sep 2008 contact details survey in progress Malaysia, Oct 2004 contact details survey report monitoring report: Dec 2007 presentation Mali, Mar 2004 contact details pharmaceutical sector profile survey report Formulaire du Secteur Pharmaceutique National summary survey report (in French only) Mauritius, Aug 2008 contact details addendum survey report Mexico, Mexico City, Dec 2009 contact details report (thesis, in Spanish only) Moldova, Nov 2011 contact details survey summary report Mongolia, Nov 2004 contact details pharmaceutical sector profile survey report Morocco, Apr 2004 contact details survey report survey summary report Nicaragua, Oct 2008 contact details survey report Nigeria, Sep 2004 contact details survey report media Oman, Oct 2007 contact details survey summary report survey report Pakistan, Jul 2004 contact details survey report survey summary report Nov 2008: medicine pricing policy meeting Peru, Sep 2005 contact details survey report Peru, May 2002 contact details brief survey notes Philippines, Feb 2005 contact details survey summary report survey report Philippines, Jun 2002 contact details brief survey notes Philippines – Price components, Jul 2008 contact details survey report survey summary report Philippines – Public sector procurement, Jul 2008 contact details survey report survey summary report Rwanda, Jul 2009 contact details survey in progress Sao Tome and Principe, Jun 2008 contact details survey report Senegal, Jan 2005 contact details addendum survey report South Africa, Gauteng Province, Nov 2004 contact details survey report addendum South Africa, KwaZulu Natal State, Sep 2001 contact details brief survey notes Sri Lanka, Oct 2001 contact details brief survey notes Sudan, Jun 2005 contact details survey report (available soon) Syria, Dec 2003 contact details survey report survey summary report presentation Tajikistan, Feb 2005 contact details survey report Tanzania, Sep 2004 contact details monitoring report: Jul 2009 monitoring report: Jun/Jul 2007 monitoring report: Nov/Dec 2006 survey summary report survey report Thailand, Oct 2006 contact details journal article survey summary report survey report Tunisia, Mar 2004 contact details survey summary report English survey summary report French survey report English survey report French Uganda, Apr 2004 contact details survey summary report survey report monitoring report: Oct/Dec 2006 monitoring report: Apr/Jun 2007 monitoring report: Oct/Dec 2007 monitoring report: Jul/Sep 2008 monitoring report: Oct/Dec 2008 monitoring report: Jul/Sep 2009 monitoring report: Apr/Jun 2010 Ukraine - Essential Medicines, Sep 2007 contact details survey summary report Ukraine - Palliative Care Medicines, Sep 2007 contact details survey summary report United Arab Emirates, Dec 2006 contact details survey summary report Sept 2005: pricing policy reforms Viet Nam, Nov 2005 contact details journal article Yemen, Jul 2006 contact details survey report survey summary report Zambia, Aug 2008 survey in progress If you have questions about one of these surveys, please contact the survey manager (see the 'contact details' page for each survey). Important information about survey data Public sector procurement prices are prices that governments or other purchasers pay to procure medicines for use in the public sector. In some countries, medicines are only procured by the government (often via a central tender). In others, various agencies also procure for the public sector e.g. in Lebanon medicines are procured by the government and UNICEF. In some countries, public sector facilities obtain medicines via various stores e.g. in Uganda medicines are obtained from the National Medical Store and the Joint Medical Store. In other countries, medicines are procured both from a central store and local purchasing, or solely by local purchasing. In the India surveys, procurement prices represent the prices paid by the public sector facilities. In some states there were no distribution costs (so the price paid by the facility was the tender price) but in others variable components costs applied such as handling charges and/or taxes. Footnotes have been included where HAI was advised that distribution costs are included in the procurement price. WHO and HAI recommend analysing all the price component costs (mark-ups, taxes etc) as a medicine goes through the distribution chain from manufacturer to patient. As it is often very difficult to obtain the manufacturer’s selling price for a medicine, WHO and HAI recommend you work back from the patient price, assessing the type and amount of each component such as VAT, pharmacy mark-up, wholesale mark-up, importer mar-ups, import tax etc. From this you can assess the manufacturers selling price (for locally produced products) or the price of imported products. Please be aware that survey managers may have experienced difficulties identifying whether these products are sold as CIF, FOB, ex-factory etc. Comparisons should be made with caution.